An embedded system is an electronic or computer hardware along with the software that is designed to perform a specific function. Examples of embedded systems are Mobile Phones, Airplanes, Smart Watches, Washing Machines, Cameras, Medical Equipment, Smart Toys, Vending Machines, etc.
Embedded systems are a combination of hardware and software. They are designed to perform the specific task and also can be used in larger systems. They can have a microprocessor or microcontroller to achieve the functionality. Based on the complexity of the task software can be developed.
Embedded Systems – Overview
Embedded systems depend on the complexity of the functions and tasks. It consists of two primary elements: 1) Hardware 2) Software
Hardware: It refers to physical and visible components in the system like Microcontroller IC (Integrated Circuits), Capacitors, Resistors, Transistors, PCB (Printed Circuit Board), CPU, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, etc.
Hardware is further divided into four subtypes: 1) Input Devices 2) Output Devices 3) Storage devices 4) Internal Components.
- Input Devices: It consist of peripherals like a Mouse, Keyboard, etc.
- Output Devices: It consists of peripherals like a Monitor, Printer, etc.
- Storage Devices: It consists of devices like Hard disk, Memory card, etc.
- Internal Components: It consists of Transistors, resistors, Capacitors, etc.
Software: It refers to a set of instructions that is used to operate a microcontroller or microprocessor. Examples of Software are Google Chrome, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Excel, Windows 10, etc.
Software is further divided into two subtypes: 1) System Software and 2) Application software
- System Software is a type of software that is used to control the internal functionality of the microcontroller or microprocessor like peripherals, clocks, etc.
- Application Software is a type of software that is used to execute user-specific commands like Google Chrome, Spreadsheets, ATM software, etc.
Difference between Hardware and Software
| Hardware | Software |
| Hardware refers to physical and visible components in the Embedded / computer system. | Software is further divided into two subtypes: 1) System Software and 2) Application software |
| Software is developed using writing instructions using a programming language like C | The software can be reinstalled when it is corrupted |
| Hardware is further divided into four subtypes: 1) Input Devices 2) Output Devices 3) Storage devices 4) Internal Components. | Software is further divided into two subtypes: 1) System Software 2) Application software |
| Hardware can be repaired using replacement of the physical components whet it damaged | Software is a set of instructions that is used to operate a microcontroller or microprocessor. |
| An example of Hardware are Microcontroller IC (Integrated Circuits), Capacitors, Resistors, Transistors, PCB (Printed Circuit Board), CPU, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, etc. | Examples of Software are Google Chrome, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Excel, Windows 10 etc. |
Real-Life Examples of Embedded Systems:
- Automotive Control Systems: Modern vehicles are equipped with numerous embedded systems. For example the Engine Control Unit (ECU), Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), and airbag control systems. These systems ensure optimal performance, safety, and efficiency in various driving conditions.
- Consumer Electronics: Everyday devices like washing machines, microwave ovens, and smart TVs contain embedded systems that control their operation. For example, a washing machine’s embedded system manages the washing cycles, water temperature, and spin speed.
- Medical Devices: Implantable medical devices rely on embedded systems to monitor vital signs and deliver precise dosages. For example pacemakers and insulin pumps, etc. Non-implantable devices like digital thermometers and blood pressure monitors also incorporate embedded systems for accurate measurements.
- Industrial Automation: Embedded systems play a critical role in industrial automation, controlling processes in manufacturing plants. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are examples of embedded systems that monitor and control machinery on the factory floor.
- Smart Home Devices: Devices employ embedded systems to provide intelligent automation and connectivity. For example smart thermostats, security cameras, doorbell cameras, etc. These systems enhance user experience by adapting to preferences and ensuring the security of the home.